Desde el pasado mes de octubre está en vigor la Circular Pyme, Circular 6/2016, de 30 de junio del Banco de España, según la cual las entidades de crédito están obligadas a entregar a las Pymes y trabajadores autónomos la información sobre su situación financiera conforme a un modelo estandarizado.
Esta circular viene a desarrollar lo dispuesto en la Ley 5/2015, de fomento de la financiación empresarial, entre cuyos objetivos se encuentra fomentar la financiación de las Pymes haciendo más flexible y accesible la financiación bancaria.
Para ello, se establecen en la Ley las siguientes medidas:
1. – La obligación de las entidades de crédito que decidan cancelar o reducir la financiación a sus clientes Pymes o Trabajadores autónomos, de:
- Informarles con un preaviso de tres meses.
- facilitarles su información financiera e historial de pagos en un documento estandarizado según los criterios de la Circular del Banco de España, denominado “Información Financiera-PYME”, el cual incluirá la calificación del riesgo del acreditado.
2.- Además, Las entidades de crédito también están obligadas a facilitar dicho documento, en cualquier circunstancia, siempre que lo solicite el cliente acreditado y previo pago de la tarifa correspondiente.
Por tanto, desde el 11 de octubre, fecha de entrada en vigor de la Circular, cualquier Pyme o Autónomo puede solicitar en cualquier momento a su entidad de crédito su información financiera y ésta estará obligada a facilitársela, en el plazo de 15 días hábiles, a través del documento Información Financiera-Pyme.
Además, las entidades estarán obligadas a conservar, durante un periodo de 6 años, la documentación justificativa de los datos empleados para la elaboración de dicho documento, así como la documentación que acredite la recepción por el interesado del documento o que este ha sido puesto a su disposición.
¿Qué entidades quedan obligadas a facilitar dicha información según la Circular?
- Las entidades de crédito constituidas en España.
- Las entidades de crédito constituidas en otros países, respecto de las actividades que realicen en España.
- Los establecimientos financieros de créditos constituidos en España.
¿Quiénes pueden solicitar dicha información según la Circular?
- Las pymes, microempresas, pequeña o mediana empresa.
- Los trabajadores autónomos.
¿Qué contenido mínimo deberá incluirse en el documento “Información financiera-PYME”?
- Declaraciones a la Central de Información de Riesgos del Banco de España.
- Datos comunicados por la entidad a empresas que presten servicios de información sobre la solvencia patrimonial y el crédito.
- Historial crediticio. Deberá incluirse el historial crediticio del acreditado referido a los cinco años anteriores. Se incluirán los siguientes datos:
- Relación de los créditos históricos y vigentes, y de los importes pendientes de amortización.
- Relación cronológica de las obligaciones impagadas con sus detalles o, en su defecto, la declaración expresa de que el acreditado ha cumplido íntegramente con sus obligaciones.
- Estado de la situación actual de impagos.
- Relación de los concursos de acreedores, acuerdos de refinanciación o extrajudiciales de pagos, embargos, procedimientos de ejecución y otras incidencias judiciales relacionadas con el acreditado en los que sea parte la entidad.
- Relación de los contratos de seguros vinculados al flujo de financiación.
- Extracto de los movimientos realizados durante el último año en los contratos del flujo de financiación del acreditado.
- Calificación del riesgo del acreditado. Se deberá incorporar en el documento «Información Financiera-PYME», siguiendo un modelo-plantilla determinado, una calificación del riesgo del acreditado que se obtendrá aplicando la metodología prevista en la circular.
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