Principales medidas FINANCIERAS aprobadas por Real Decreto-ley 8/2020, de medidas urgentes extraordinarias para hacer frente al impacto económico y social del COVID-19
1.- Moratoria de deuda hipotecaria para la adquisición de vivienda habitual
Dirigida a aquellos deudores que padecen extraordinarias dificultades para atender el pago de la hipoteca de su vivienda habitual como consecuencia de la crisis del COVID-19.
Los deudores hipotecarios deben encontrarse en los supuestos de vulnerabilidad económica en los términos que se establecen:
- Que el deudor pase a estar en situación de desempleo o, en caso de ser empresarios o profesional, sufran una pérdida sustancial de ingresos o caída de ventas superior al 40%.
- Que el conjunto de los ingresos de la unidad familiar, en el mes anterior a la solicitud de la moratoria, no alcance determinado nivel de ingresos (tres veces el IPREM con modificaciones en función de los miembros y su situación).
- Que la cuota hipotecaria mas los gastos y suministros básicos represente más del 35% de los ingresos del conjunto de la unidad familiar.
- Que la emergencia sanitaria haya alterado sus circunstancias económicas.
Los fiadores, avalistas e hipotecantes no deudores que se encuentren en los supuestos de vulnerabilidad económica podrán exigir que la entidad agote el patrimonio del deudor principal, antes de reclamarles la deuda garantizada.
La moratoria debe ser solicitada por el deudor al acreedor, aportando determinada documentación regulada. Se puede solicitar hasta 15 días después del plazo de vigencia del estado de alarma y el acreedor dispone de un plazo máximo de 15 días para tramitar la solicitud.
La solicitud moratoria conllevara la suspensión de la deuda hipotecaria durante el plazo estipulado para la misma y la consiguiente inaplicación durante el periodo de vigencia de la moratoria de la cláusula de vencimiento anticipado que conste en el contrato de préstamo.
Durante el periodo de vigencia de la moratoria:
- La entidad acreedora no podrá exigir el pago de la cuota hipotecaria, ni de ninguno de los conceptos que la integran (amortización del capital o pago de intereses), ni íntegramente, ni en un porcentaje.
- No se devengarán intereses. No se permitirá la aplicación de interés moratorio por el período de vigencia de la moratoria.
2.- Interrupción del plazo para la devolución de productos
Durante la vigencia del Estado de Alarma o sus posibles prórrogas, se interrumpen los plazos para la devolución de los productos comprados por cualquier modalidad, bien presencial bien on-line. El cómputo de los plazos se reanudará en el momento en que pierda vigencia el presente real decreto o, en su caso, las prórrogas del mismo.
3.- Líneas de avales para empresas y autónomos
El Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital otorgará hasta cien mil millones de euros (100.000.000.000 euros) en avales a la financiación concedida por entidades de crédito y establecimientos financieros a empresas y autónomos que lo precisen para atender sus necesidades derivadas de la gestión de facturas, necesidad de circulante, obligaciones financieras o tributarias u otras necesidades de liquidez.
Pendiente de desarrollo por el Consejo de Ministros de las condiciones y requisitos para acceder a estos avales.
El objeto es facilitar el acceso a financiación de empresas y autónomos mediante avales del Estado, con lo que se trata de evitar que la entidad financiera deniegue los préstamos por falta de garantías.
4.- Ampliación de endeudamiento ICO
Se amplía el límite de endeudamiento neto del ICO con el fin de aumentar los importes de las Líneas ICO de financiación a empresas y autónomos en 10.000 millones de euros.
5.- Línea extraordinaria de cobertura aseguradora (para empresas
exportadoras)
Línea de cobertura aseguradora de hasta 2.000 millones de euros con cargo al Fondo de Reserva de los Riesgos de la Internacionalización, con las siguientes características:
a) Serán elegibles los créditos de circulante necesarios para la compañía exportadora siempre que respondan a nuevas necesidades de financiación y no a situaciones previas a la crisis actual.
b) Beneficiarios: las empresas españolas consideradas como PYMES así como otras empresas de mayor tamaño, siempre que sean entidades no cotizadas, en las que concurran las siguientes circunstancias:
– Que se trate de empresas internacionalizadas o en proceso de internacionalización.
– Que la empresa se enfrente a un problema de liquidez o de falta de acceso a la financiación resultado del impacto de la crisis del COVID 19 en su actividad económica.
6.- Medidas financieras dirigidas a los titulares de explotaciones agrarias que hayan suscrito préstamos como consecuencia de la situación de sequía de 2017
Afecta a los prestatarios de créditos financieros concedidos a titulares de explotaciones agrarias afectados por la sequía del año 2017 que acuerden con las entidades financieras prolongar hasta en un año, que podrá ser de carencia, el periodo de amortización de los préstamos suscritos.
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