Resumimos a continuación las principales medidas aprobadas que entran en vigor con fecha 2 de abril y que mantendrán su vigencia hasta un mes después del fin del estado de alarma (salvo en las que se establece otro plazo específico):
Medidas laborales
Moratoria de cotizaciones: Se prevé la posibilidad de que la Tesorería General de la Seguridad Social otorgue moratorias de seis meses, sin intereses, a las empresas y los autónomos que lo soliciten y cumplan los requisitos y condiciones que se establecerán mediante Orden Ministerial. La moratoria comprendería, para empresas entre abril y junio de 2020 y para autónomos entre mayo y julio de 2020, siempre que las actividades que realicen no se hayan suspendido con ocasión del estado de alarma.
Aplazamiento de cotizaciones: Las empresas y autónomos podrán solicitar aplazamiento del pago de las deudas de Seguridad Social cuyo plazo reglamentario de ingreso tenga lugar entre los meses de abril y junio de 2020, con un interés del 0,5%. Debe tratarse de afectados desde y por la situación provocada por el covid 19 y por ello se exige que no tengan otro aplazamiento en vigor anterior.
Se crea un subsidio extraordinario por falta de actividad para Empleadas de Hogar y un subsidio de desempleo excepcional por fin de contrato temporal.
Se establece la compatibilidad del subsidio por cuidado de menores afectados por cáncer u otra enfermedad grave y la prestación por desempleo o cese de actividad durante la permanencia del estado de alarma.
Prestación por cese de actividad para autónomos: Se determina la documentación a presentar para justificar la reducción de ingresos y se modifican los requisitos para determinadas actividades, en las que para la justificación de dicha reducción se tendrán en cuenta plazos diferentes (1 año para actividades artísticas y campaña anterior para agrícolas).
CRITERIO publicado por la tesorería General de la Seguridad Social relativo a esta prestación:
- Durante su percepción el autónomo que suspenda la actividad no estará obligado a tramitar la baja.
- Si la causa del derecho a la prestación es la reducción de la facturación, el autónomo deberá permanecer de alta (no puede haberse dado de baja ni el autónomo ni la actividad)
- Durante el periodo de percepción de esta prestación no existirá obligación de cotizar (no se pagará la cuota de autónomo). Se deberá pagar la cotización correspondiente a los días previos a la declaración de estado de alarma. No obstante, si se pagara todo el mes por no haberle sido concedida la prestación antes del giro de las cuotas, la TGSS devolverá la parte correspondiente al periodo que estuviera percibiendo la prestación de cese de actividad (la devolución en principio se hará de oficio).
Cuestiones mercantiles y societarias:
Las reuniones de los órganos de administración de todo tipo de sociedades podrán celebrarse tanto por video llamada como, además, por conferencia telefónica múltiple, siempre que los secretarios del órgano reconozcan la identidad de los asistentes, estos dispongan de los medios y se remita un acta en el que se indique todo esto por correo electrónico.
Se permite el mismo sistema de celebración por video llamada o conferencia telefónica de las juntas o asambleas de socios.
Se establece que los acuerdos por escrito y sin sesión se podrán adoptar siempre que lo decida el presidente o lo soliciten al menos dos de los miembros del órgano de que se trate.
Se aclaran las siguientes cuestiones relativas a las cuentas anuales:
- Aunque se ha suspendido su plazo de formulación hasta los tres meses siguientes al término del plazo del estado de alarma, es válida la formulación durante el periodo de alarma.
- La extensión del plazo de la auditoría de cuentas a los dos meses siguientes a la terminación del estado de alarma, se aplica también a los casos de cuentas formuladas antes del inicio del mismo.
- Se podrá modificar la propuesta de aplicación de resultado de las sociedades que hubieran formulado sus cuentas antes del inicio del estado de alarma, con determinados requisitos.
Medidas tributarias: Plazos y procedimientos
Se extiende la suspensión de plazos a las actuaciones y procedimientos tributarios de las comunidades autónomas y de los entes locales
Ampliación del plazo para recurrir: desde el 14/03/2020 hasta el 30/04/2020, el plazo para interponer recursos de reposición o reclamaciones económico-administrativas en el ámbito tributario, se empezará a contar a partir del 30/04/2020, tanto en aquellos casos en los que el plazo se hubiera iniciado antes y no hubiese finalizado el 13/03/2020, como en aquellos otros notificados con posterioridad a esa fecha.
Durante el mismo periodo quedan suspendidos los plazos de prescripción y caducidad de acciones y derechos de la normativa tributaria.
Rescate de fondos de pensiones (pendiente de regulación reglamentaria):
Durante el plazo de seis meses desde el 14/03/2020, los partícipes de planes de pensiones podrán, excepcionalmente, hacer efectivos sus derechos consolidados cuando se encuentren en alguna de estas situaciones derivadas de la crisis del Covid-19:
- Trabajadores en desempleo como consecuencia de un ERTE: podrán disponer un máximo de hasta los salarios dejados de percibir mientras se mantenga la vigencia del ERTE.
- Empresarios titulares de establecimientos cuya apertura al público se haya visto suspendida: podrán disponer de hasta un máximo de ingresos netos estimados que se hayan dejado de percibir mientras se mantenga la suspensión de apertura al público.
- Autónomos que hayan cesado en su actividad: hasta un máximo de los ingresos netos estimados que se hayan dejado de percibir mientras se mantenga la situación de crisis sanitaria.
Otras Medidas de apoyo a autónomos y empresas (para solicitarlos tendrán que contactar con entidad bancaria o compañía suministro):
- Extensión de la moratoria de la deuda hipotecaria a los locales de negocio de autónomos, empresarios y profesionales en caso de vulnerabilidad económica
- Mecanismos de suspensión del pago de la factura de los suministros energéticos para pymes y autónomos.
- Flexibilización de los contratos de suministro de electricidad y gas natural, para adaptarse a las nuevas pautas de consumo, mediante la suspensión temporal o modificación de los mismos, sin penalización, o el cambio de peaje de acceso y el ajuste de la potencia o capacidad contratada sin coste.
- Ampliación del colectivo de potenciales perceptores del bono social de electricidad a autónomos.
Medidas de apoyo a familias y colectivos vulnerables
- Suspensión de desahucios y lanzamientos para hogares vulnerables sin alternativa habitacional
- Prórroga extraordinaria de los contratos de arrendamiento de vivienda habitual durante 6 meses
- Posibilidad de Moratoria de la deuda por alquiler de la vivienda habitual para personas en situación de vulnerabilidad económica
- Línea de avales del Estado y el ICO para el pago de alquileres
- Ampliación a 3 meses de la moratoria de la deuda hipotecaria para la adquisición de vivienda habitual
- Se podrá solicitar también la moratoria hipotecaria para las viviendas no habituales en alquiler en las que el propietario ha dejado de percibir la renta durante el periodo del estado de alarma o hasta el mes siguiente a su finalización.
- Ampliación de la moratoria a los créditos y préstamos no hipotecarios que mantengan las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad económica, incluyendo los créditos al consumo
- Prohibición de suspender el suministro de electricidad, gas y derivados del petróleo derivados a las personas físicas en su vivienda habitual durante la vigencia del estado de alarma.
49 comentarios en «CIRCULAR INFORMATIVA: Real Decreto-ley 11/2020, de 31 de marzo, por el que se adoptan medidas urgentes complementarias en el ámbito social y económico para hacer frente al COVID-19.»
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